上海市杨浦区2001—2007年麻疹流行病学分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles in Yangpu district Shanghai during years 2001-2007

[目的]了解上海市杨浦区麻疹流行病学特征,为加速控制和消除麻疹提供相关依据。[方法]对上海市杨浦区2001—2007年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。[结果]上海市杨浦区2001—2007年麻疹发病180例,无死亡病例,平均年发病率为2.13/10万,外来人口发病率是本区人口发病率的10.23倍;3—8月发病人数占总病例数的81.67%;男女发病率之比为1.34∶1;15岁以下儿童占总发病数的39.44%,20岁及以上成人占总发病数的53.89%。本区人口病例以成人为主,20岁及以上病例占77.78%;外来人口病例以儿童为主,15岁以下儿童占54.55%。无免疫史、免疫史不详者分别占总发病数的29.44%、62.78%。[结论]控制和消除麻疹重点应加强对外来人口的管理,提高麻疹疫苗及时接种率和2剂次免疫率;加强麻疹监测,开展成人麻疹疫苗加强免疫工作。

[ Objective ] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Yangpu district and provide evidence for specific strategies and measures for measles prevention and control. [ Methods ] Descriptive analysis was made from the data of measles in Yangpu district from year 2001 to 2007. [ Results] 180 cases were reported in the whole Yangpu district from year 2001 to 2007, and no death. The average morbidity in Yangpu district was 2.13/100,000. The measles incidence of floating population was 10.23 times higher than the native population. The peak season appeared from March to August about 81.67%. The rate of male to female morbidity was 1.34： 1. In both groups, patients 〈 15 years was 39.44% and 〉120 years was 53.89% , accounted for the majority of the patients. Cases form local habitants were dominated by the adults and the morbidity was highest in the ≥20 years group （77.78%）. Cases from the floating population were dominated by the children and the age peak of moibidity appeared in 〈 15 years group （54.55%）. 29.44% of the cases had no history of measles immunization and 62.78% had unknown inoculation history. [Conclusion] Actions should be taken to strengthened the administration of the floating population. Every province should guarantee the coverage of 2 doses and timely coverage of the first dose of measles vaccine. Meanwhile, we should put emphasis on measles supervision and expand the range of intensive measles immunity among the adult groups.