杭州市下城区1998—2007年病毒性肝炎疫情分析

Epidemiological analysis on viral hepatitis in Hangzhou city Xiacheng county from year 1998 to 2007

[目的]了解杭州市下城区1998--2007年病毒性肝炎的流行特征及趋势，以及可用疫苗预防的肝炎（甲、乙型肝炎）与无疫苗可预防的肝炎（丙、戊型肝炎）发病构成比变化的情况，为采取综合防治措施提供依据。[方法]病毒性肝炎的流行特征采用描述流行病学分析，总体发病趋势及各型肝炎构成比的变化趋势采用Cox—Stuart检验。[结果]1998年病毒性肝炎发病率为124．75／10万，2007年为26．76／10万。10年中肝炎总发病趋势经Cox—Stuart检验差异有统计学意义（P〈0．1）；肝炎的发病时间和地区差异无统计学意义，而人群分布中，中青年年龄段（15～39岁，62．16／10万）与低年龄段（0～14岁，4．45／10万）发病率差异有统计学意义；10年中戊肝的发病构成比经Cox—Stuart检验差异有统计学意义（P〈O．1）。[结论]1998--2007年下城区病毒性肝炎发病呈下降趋势；肝炎发病在季节和地区上差异无统计学意义，肝炎发病率中青年年龄段高于15岁以下儿童；戊肝发病构成比呈上升趋势，间接证明了甲、乙型肝炎疫苗接种在预防病毒性肝炎中的重要作用。

[ Objective ] To reveal the epidemic characteristics and the trend of incidence of hepatitis in Hangzhou city Xiaeheng county from year 1998 to 2007. The focus is to reveal the difference of the change in the proportion of the types of hepatitis which can be immunized and the type which can not be immunized. Thus it could offer the evidence for decision of the prevention. [ Methods ] Descriptive epidemiology of hepatitis was used. The trend of incidence of hepatitis and the change of the proportion of all types of hepatitis was analyzed by Cox - Stuart test . [ Results] The incidence rate of hepatitis was 124.75 per 100,000 in 1998 and 26.76 per 100,000 in 2007. The difference of incidence of hepatitis in these ten years was significant in statistics through Cox - Stuart test. The difference of incidence rate of hepatitis between adult （ 15 - 39, 62. 16 per 100,000 ） and children （0 - 14, 4.45 per 100,000 ） was significant. The proportion of incidence of HEV was also significant by statistics through Cox - Stuart test in these ten years. [ Conclusion] The trend of incidence rate of hepatitis descended gradually from 1998 to 2007 in Xiacheng county. The difference of incidence of hepatitis at different time and area was non significant. The incidence rate of hepatitis of adult（ 15 -39） is highter than that of the children（0 - 15）. The ascending trend of incidence of HEV proves indirectly that hepatitis A and B was prevented by using HAV and HBV.