感性与理性的和谐统一——关于卢梭“自然人”理想人格之阐释

The Harmony of the Perceptual and the Rational:An Interpretation of the Desired Personality in Rousseau's "Natural Man"

19世纪法国伟大的启蒙思想家让.雅克.卢梭提出培养"自然人"的教育目标,引起了广泛而持久的争议。在冷静思索卢梭关于人类社会及其文明异常激烈的批判之际,综合分析他的感性观、理性观和自然观三者之间的辨证关系,有助于更深刻地认识和理解他倾注了毕生精神与情感而为之奋斗的事业———人的解放。今天的教育力图冲破普遍理性主义的樊笼,追求个人自由完整的发展以及个人与他者、与世界和谐共处的可持续发展,正可以从两百多年前卢梭通过"自然人"而描绘的教育理想中得到启示。

The educational goal of ＂natural man＂ posed by Jean Jacques Rousseau has been the subject of extensive and endless controversy for about 250 years. Rousseau＇s critiques of human society and civilization are incomparably radical and sometimes goes to extremes; nevertheless, they are all to serve his ultimate goal of the salvation of human, which he strived for with all his feelings and spirits in his whole life. Through a dialectical analysis of his concepts of the perceptual, the rational and Nature, one can have a better understanding that Rousseau＇s ＂natural man＂ is a reflection of the desired personality with an integration of sense and sensibility. This can enlighten today＇s education on its pursuing a free and integrate development of individuals as well as a common sustained development of individuals, others and the world.