西尼罗热传入风险因子监测及口岸预防控制措施

Monitoring the Risk Factors of West Nile Fever Spreading to China and Study on Measures of Prevention and Control at Ports

〔目的〕分析西尼罗热传入我国的各种风险因子,并对其进行监测;提出在国境口岸预防控制西尼罗热的措施。〔方法〕了解国内外对西尼罗热的研究进展,分析和监测影响西尼罗热传入我国的各种风险因子。其包括候鸟迁徙,可传播西尼罗热的蚊类的分布,疫区入境人群等。〔结果〕鸦科的鸟类对西尼罗热特别易感,我国共有鸦科鸟类11属27种,并且是常见鸟类。我国有3条候鸟迁徙路线,传播西尼罗热的风险较高。致倦库蚊、淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、凶小库蚊等我国常见蚊种可以传播西尼罗热。西尼罗病毒与在我国流行较为广泛的乙型脑炎病毒存在交叉免疫反应。〔结论〕目前尚未发现我国存在西尼罗病毒的证据,但存在传入风险,国境口岸可以采取分级应对的措施。

Objective To analyze and monitor the risk factors of West Nile Fever （WNF） spreading to our country, and to privde measures of prevention and control at frontier port. Method In order to know the domestic and overseas research progress of West Nile Fever, the risk factors of West Nile Fever spreading to China were analyzed and monitored, such as the distribution of mosquito, bird migration, crowd who enter China from WNF plague spot and so on. Result The species of corvidae were very susceptible host to West Nile Virus. In China, there were 11 genera 27 species birds in corvidae family, and there were three routes of bird migration. The risk propagation of West Nile Virus was high. Many popular species of mosquito were proved as primary vectors involved in the transmission of WNV, such as Culex pipiens Quinquefasciatu, Culex pipiens pallens, Culex pipiens tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens Modestus etc. There was the cross-immune reaction between WNV and Japanese encephalitis virus in our country. Conclusion There is no evidence of the existence of the WNV in China. In order to prevent WNV spreading to China, we should adopt the measures of classification management at ports.