试析柏拉图、卢梭与杜威的“教育与社会理想”

Thoughts of "Education and Social Ideals" of Plato, Rousseau and Dewey

真正有抱负的教育家大都怀着美好的教育之梦,希望通过教育实现自己的社会理想。柏拉图希望通过教育建立理想国,但却最终使教育沦为维护社会秩序的工具;卢梭试图通过教育培养理想新人改变社会不良风气,但却把教育引向与世隔绝的境遇;杜威尝试通过民主主义教育构建民主主义社会,却最终发展为社会改良主义。由此可见教育对社会有重要影响但却不是唯一因素和决定因素,必须认清教育自身根本职责,以使教育和社会都能良好发展。

Most ambitious educationists have great dreams about education through which they hope their social ideals could come true. Plato hoped to set up a utopia by education, but ultimately made education become the implement defending social order. Rousseau tried to educate the newcomers who could change bad styles of the society, but finally led education to the circumstances which were cut off from the outside world. Dewey attempted to set up a democratic society by democratic education but ultimately turned to a society reformism. It can be seen from these that education has important effects to the society but is not an unique and determinant factor, we must get a clear understanding of the duty of education foundation, and make education and the society be able to develop well.