俄罗斯新一轮高等教育学制改革的背景分析

Background Analysis on New Reform of Academic System of Higher Education in Russia

高等教育学制是国家教育制度中最有效、最严密和最重要的组成部分。它的变革和发展取决于民族传统和各个历史时期的教育任务,其中教育任务又随着社会政治、经济、文化及国际形势的发展而变化。俄罗斯新一轮高等教育学制改革的背景非常复杂,高等教育机会均等论、多元论等是高等教育学制改革的先导,高度集权向民主分权过渡、经济体制转轨、高等教育国际化是促进改革的直接动因,传统文化和传统教育是延缓改革的因素。

The academic system of higher education is the most effective, most strict and most important part of the national education system. Its reform and development relies on the national tradition and the educational tasks in different periods. The educational tasks will change with the development of the society, politics, economics, culture, and international situations. The background for the new reform of academic system of higher education is very complicated for the Theory of Equalization and Pluralism in higher education are the forerunners in the reform of academic system of higher education, the transition from centralization to separation in powers and the economic system transition as well as the internationalization of higher education are the direct force, and however the traditional culture and traditional education are the elements that will delay the reform.