略论宋代道学话语的形成

On the Formation of Daoxue Discourse in Song Dynasty

从话语的角度看,理学之所以为理学,在于它形成了一套相对稳定和集中的话语体系。而这一套体系的形成,则经历了一个变化的历史过程。宋代理学的主流,在当时被称为"道学"。二程是宋代道学的创立者,前期道学的核心话语,如"仁说"、"中和说"等,提供了道学从北宋后期到南宋前期发展的重要动力。朱熹在对各派道学思想的批判和吸收基础上,确立了自己的理论权威,带来了道学话语的更替,道学的关注课题从中和说、求仁说转变到理气说、心性说、格物说,朱熹哲学的话语开始主导道学思想的展开。

From the discourse perspective, Neo-Confucianism evolved a relatively stable and centralized system of discourse, which underwent a long process of change. The mainstream of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty was known as Daoxue（Taoist theory） at that time. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi were the founders of Daoxue of the Song Dynasty, and its key discourse in the early period like ＂benevolence＂ and ＂doctrine of the mean＂ gave a powerful motivating force to the development of Daoxue from the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty. Based on criticizing and assimilating different schools of Daoxue, Zhu xi established his own theoretical authority, thereby occupying a leading position in the development of Daoxue.