马克思的集体思想

On Karl Marx's Conception of Community

近年来,集体主义是学术界持续争论的主题。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思区分了"真实的集体"和"虚假的集体",从马克思的理论出发点"现实的个人"和"人的感性活动"可以看到,集体是处于一定社会历史境遇中的"现实的个人"展开其感性活动的空间,是人的价值的历史实现空间。在历史发展进程中,集体基本上呈现出三种历史形式,即集体的自然形式或者说政治形式、集体的异化形式和集体的自由联合形式。

From the fact that Marx made a distinction of ＂illusory community＂ and ＂real community＂, Marx＇ s conception of community comes clear that community as the social contact relation is the space in which individual in reality performs his human sensus activities, and thus his human values are realized. In the course of historical development, community has presented three forms： the natural, the alien and the freely-united.