政府灾害应急管理体系的国际比较研究

International Comparative Research on Emergency Risk Management

2008年的南方雪灾和汶川大地震凸显出我国灾害应急管理体系的严重缺陷。本文旨在比较研究美日等几个先进国家灾害应急管理系统,以期为我国灾害应急管理体系的完善提供有益的借鉴。总的来说,我国灾害处理者对灾害管理的科学认识还不够,灾害法律法规体系和组织机构也不完善,救灾体系中存在着大量的非救灾人员和非专业救灾设备。针对以上问题,本文认为我国应尽快完善救灾应急管理系统的法律法规,促进我国救灾组织机构和以及设立培训机构以培养优秀的专业救灾队伍。

The snow disaster and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 reflects the weakness of emergency risk management in China. This study compares the emergency risk management system and practice in several advanced countries and analyzes the main problems in Chinese management. The study indicates： the main problems in Chinese emergency risk management include that disaster dealers do not acknowledge and manage emergency risk scientifically; the laws on emergency risk management and institutional framework are to be improved. Additionally, there are a number of nonprofessional rescuers and disaster equipments. This study argues that the laws on emergency risk management should be issued, professional rescue organizations should be set up, and professional rescuers should be trained.