周代权贵妇女介入“公”“外”事务的三种类型——从社会性别视角的观察与分析

Three Types of Noble Involvement in Foreign and Public Affairs During Zhou Dynasty

周代已经建立起了比较完善的父(男)权制社会性别制度。按照规定,周代妇女已经不能直接介入男子占据的家庭(族)之外的"公事",也谈不上在社会上的地位;而在家庭内部的"私"领域,女性也处于附从于男子的女、妻、母的角色。尽管如此,从历史记载看,部分贵族妇女通过婚姻、生育和家庭亲密关系途径,还是能取得一定的关于"公""外"事务的"话语权"甚至"操控权"的。她们尽管通过各方面的优势获得了相对而言的"权贵"地位,但终究是父(男)权制社会性别制度下的陪衬角色,她们在这个制度中没有以主体身份发言的权力,只能在制度的空隙中寻找立足点。

A well - developed male dominated society has been established in ZHOU Dynasty in which gender culture is distinctive. Within such a society, females do not enjoy any social status whatsoever since their entire life is confined within the family. And even within the family, female is of a subordinate gender. The only exception is to be found in a few noble females who enjoy certain previliges in terms of influence and impact （ to be referred to as Noble Females hereunder）. The Noble Females are usually the mothers of the kings and royal families, daughters of noble families or beauties and concubines who are granted special favors. Despite the fact that such Noble Females have access to previliges and powers that are denied to any other women, they remain nothing more than an adornment to the male - dominated society in which women are institutionally of an inferior gender. Their so - called nobility is dependent upon the royal status of the king or the aristocracy.