海洋渔业对海洋生态系统的影响及其管理的探讨

Impacts of marine fishery on marine ecosystem and the management discussion

海洋渔业对海洋生态系统的影响越来越受到人们的重视,考虑生态系统的管理已经成为海洋渔业管理的发展趋势。作者分析了海洋渔业对海洋生态系统产生的影响,包括捕捞活动对目标和非目标种产生的危害、渔业资源栖息地和环境破坏、生物多样性降低等;分析了国际上考虑生态系统的海洋渔业管理的法律框架、国际组织和有关国家的实践及其具体措施,指出了中国在此方面存在的问题:海洋生态系统的基础科学研究缺乏系统性和全面性;基于生态系统的海洋渔业管理的理论研究比较缺乏;相关的法律框架不够完善等。讨论了应用生态系统方法的海洋渔业管理与传统的海洋渔业管理间的关系,指出生态系统方法在其实践中将存在各种问题,认为生态系统方法应有选择地应用。对中国海洋渔业管理如何应用生态系统方法,建议:(1)加强海洋生态系统的基础科学研究;(2)开展基于生态系统的海洋渔业管理理论和方法研究;(3)逐步建立相关的法律和制度框架;(4)开展广泛的多部门合作和国际合作。

Since there are more and more attentions to impacts of marine fishery on ecosystem, ecosystembased management has became the the development trend. This paper analyzes the impacts of marine fishery, including： harm to target and non-target, destroying of habitat and environment and reduction of bio-diversity. It also analyzes the law framework, practice of international organizations and countries and some measures, and pointes out the problems in these aspects of China： lack of systematic and overall basic science research; lack of theory study on ecosystem approach; imperfection of law framework. Meanwhile, it also discusses the relation between fishery management based on ecosystem approach and traditional marine fishery management, and considers that there would be some problems in the practice, and the application of ecosystem approach should be selectively applied. Finally, some suggestions are put forward： （1） enhance the basic research of marine ecosystem; （2） devlop theory and means research of ecosystem-based fishery management; （3） work out relevant law and system framework; （4） develop wide cooperation of different relevant sectors and international cooperation.