摘要
采用生命周期评价的方法,比较垃圾填埋和垃圾焚烧两种处置方法对环境的影响。研究系统的范围包括垃圾收集、垃圾运输、垃圾填埋或焚烧以及发电等几个部分。采用收集的垃圾组分数据,利用IPCC推荐的模型,计算了垃圾填埋时CO2和甲烷等气体污染物的排放量;并计算了垃圾焚烧产生的CO2排放量。根据对垃圾渗滤液的实测数据,计算了水污染物的排放量。环境影响评价采用日本开发的AIST-LCA Ver4计算机软件进行,计算了对城市空气污染、全球变暖等11种类型的影响,由此评价对人类健康、社会财富、物种多样化和初级生产力等4个保护目标的危害,最终求得生态化的币值Yen。计算结果表明:垃圾填埋的生态币值要大得多,可见垃圾焚烧对环境的影响比垃圾填埋的影响要小。我们认为,所获得的结论较为客观地反映了对环境的影响,可以作为中国城市垃圾处置决策的参考依据。
Two disposal methods, landfill and incineration, are employed for municipal solid waste （MSW） treatment in Suzhou. The environmental impacts of those two disposals are compared using life cycle assessment. The system boundary includes waste collection, transportation, landfill/incineration and electricity generation. Air pollutants such as CO2 and methane that are used as the landfill gases are calculated by a model recommended by IPCC with the collected data of material contents of solid waste. CO2 emission from incineration is calculated by the carbon content in the waste. Water pollutants are calculated from the measurement data of leachete. The environmental impact assessments are performed with a computer program AIST-LCA Ver4 developed in Japan. 11 types of impacts such global warming, city air pollution, etc, are computed, and the damages on four protection targets （human health, social welfare, bio-diversity and primary production） are further estimated. The results show that eco-index of landfill is greater than that of incineration, ,so the environmental impact of incineration is smaller than landfill. We believe that the assessment results are reasonable and can be used as reference information for decision-making of municipal solid waste disposal in Chinese cities.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第2期93-97,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
日本环境省资助项目：海外回用的生命周期情景比较分析及其在废旧塑料中的应用.
