咸与权：历史上自贡盐业的“市场”分析

Saltiness and Power:The Market in Zigong Salt Industry

要真正理解中国的经济市场和广义市场,就必须超越西方经济学的"市场"想象,反思西方"经济市场"的概念霸权。历史上的自贡盐业市场就不是一种现代意义上的自由市场,而是多种市场并存的"广义市场",包含了经济市场、社会市场、文化市场、政治市场和象征市场,这些市场相互作用、相互借力、相互生产,相互转换。在自贡盐业市场中,政治市场、社会市场、文化市场和象征市场在很大程度上主导了盐的交换,盐业经济市场甚至成为政治市场和社会市场等市场的附庸。广义市场是人类普遍的"交换市场"形态,而现代自由经济市场制度不过是人类经济交换市场中的制度之一。广义市场的概念将有助于理解经济市场转型中出现的诸多问题,以思考当今中国的市场改革。

What is market? How to interpret market? This paper analyzes traditional Chinese market based on Zigong salt industry in history and proposes a compound broad-sense market theory by the view of substancialism,and criticizes narrow economic opinion and its discourse hegemony on market.This paper argues that traditional and current market of China were Broad-sense market,which includes the economic market,social market,political market,cultural and symbolic market,they integrated,nesting and reproduced with each other.The Broad-sense market is the universal market form of human society,while the modern free market economy system is just one kind of various markets.This theory helps to understand many problems in the market reform and avoid the limitation of single economic thinking.