保定市城市绿地植物多样性研究

Study on the urban greenbelt plant diversity in Baoding

城市生物多样性是城市生态系统的主要构成,以保定市各类绿地植被为对象,根据资料收集和实地调查的数据分析比较。结果表明,市区物种集中在少数大科中,如豆科、禾本科、菊科等,优势种较集中。在生活型上草本种数最多,乔木次之,植物群落以落叶树为主。在物种来源方面乡土树种比例较大,引进物种也是其城市绿地植被的重要组成部分。垂直群落类型以乔灌草及乔草类型为主。不同绿地类型中,公园绿地植物科、属、种的丰富度均处于绝对优势;且均为草本种数>乔木种数>灌木种数>藤本种数。各类绿地中,乔木均匀度指数为最高,灌木其次,草本最小。乔木层的多样性水平最高,灌木层其次,草本层最低。并通过分析得出在城市绿地生物多样性保护中不仅要有较高的丰富度,也要重视物种的均匀度,充分利用乡土树种,合理引进外来物种。

The urban biodiversity is the important part of urban ecosystem. The paper makes each vegetation of green place in Baoding as target, analyze and compare the date come from survey and collecting. Result indicate the species in the urban focus in few big branch of study, for example Leguminosae, Gramineae, Composit and so on. the dominant species is concentrated. The herbages are most in life type, arbors are better, hardwood is the important role in plant community. The local trees have a bigger proportion in species origin, and the introduce species is also a important part of green place in Baoding. The mix of arbor, shntb and herbage is a mostly in apeak community. In different green place, the families, genera and specify in park is most abundant, the order of species is herbage, arbor, shrub, bine. The Pielou of arbor is highest, herbage is least, the diversity level of herbage layer is highest, arbor layer is least. In the end, the biodiversity protest of urban green place ask us not only a high Shannon- Wiener but also a high Pielou, and make good use of local species, introduce exotic species reasonably.