我国贸易自由化的环境效应分析——基于“污染避难所”假说与要素禀赋比较优势的检验

The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Environment:An Empirical Study Based on Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Comparative Advantage Determined by Factor Endowment

贸易与环境的关系问题一直是人们关注的焦点。运用Antweiler,Copeland和Taylor(2001)的理论模型,实证分析了中国贸易自由化环境效应的主要影响路径,并着重考察了要素禀赋和污染控制成本在贸易自由化对环境变化的结构效应中的作用,结果表明:贸易自由化总体增加了污染排放,贸易的规模效应带来的污染增加超过了技术效应和结构效应引起的污染减少;"污染避难所"假说对于中国并不成立,中国要素禀赋决定的贸易模式使贸易自由化对环境的结构效应为负,即降低了环境污染。

The debate over the impact of international trade on environment has generated more heat than light.The pollution haven hypothesis postulates that low-income developing countries will be made dirtier with trade,while the simple factor endowment hypothesis suggests that with trade dirty capital intensive industries should migrate to the relatively capital abundant developed countries. The empirical test in this article based on the two theoties shows that in China trade liberalization have a positive effect on environment. The simple factor endowment hypothesis postulates a more serious impact on environment than Pollution haven hypothesis in our study.