高层建筑火灾安全疏散二级灰关联评估

Two-level grey relational evaluation of safe evacuation in highrise building fires

高层建筑内人员集中,垂直疏散距离长,烟气垂直方向扩散快,火灾情况比一般建筑内的复杂,因此需要对其火灾时的安全疏散进行评估。通过比较几种安全评估模型,根据高层建筑火灾的特点,用灰关联评估方法建立了高层建筑火灾安全疏散二级灰关联评估模型,对评估模型标准参考矩阵进行了分析并提出了因素权重的选取方法。该模型通过比较样本矩阵和标准参考矩阵的关联度,划分安全等级,并在评估对象中找出影响安全疏散的关键因素,指出薄弱环节,量化改进方案,然后在改进的基础上评估样本的安全疏散等级,再找出改进措施,直到目标系统样本的安全疏散评估等级达到安全等级。通过实例,验证了该模型的可行性。

For the characteristics of the high-rise building fire, such as the mass evacuee, the long upright travel distance and the fast upright diffusion of fire smoke, the evacuation is different from that in ordinary buildings. It is necessary to assess the grade of safety evacuation and find the main weak link in evacuation. In this paper through reviewing the faults of some evaluating methods of safe evacuation, an appropriate evaluation model combining twostage grey relational evaluation and multi-hierarchy is established. Then criteria series for evaluating and the method of weighting are studied. In the process of evaluation, the relational degrees between object series and criteria series are computed and compared. So safe evacuation degree can be determined and weak links which need to be improved are found out. Then increase the degree of weak links and repeat the calculation and analysis until the safe evacuation degree of object is arriving to ＂safe＂ at last. Then an example is illustrated to verify the feasibility of evaluation model.