江西省冰雹气候特征及冰雹灾害研究

Climatic character and dasaster of hail in Jiangxi Provice

利用江西省80多个气象台站冰雹监测资料、近10 a天气图资料和中国气象灾害大典资料,对该省冰雹时空分布、环流背景和冰雹灾害进行了分析。研究表明:江西省冰雹具有很强的时间变化特征,春季3-5月为冰雹最容易出现的季节,其中4月份是冰雹出现最多的月份,冰雹最容易出现在下午到傍晚时分;冰雹地理分布差异大,总的特点是,山区多,山区与平原交界地带多,鄱阳湖附近的陆地多,其他地区则较少,全省有4个冰雹出现频率大值区;造成江西冰雹天气的地面影响系统是倒槽静止锋,其次为冷锋和气旋波等;冰雹灾害与冰雹出现频数并不完全一致,而与当地的经济发展、作物状况有很大的关系。构造了冰雹防御区划指数函数,根据指数大小将江西省各县市划分为3级冰雹防御区。

With disastrous weather observation data from more than 80 meteorological stations in Jiangxi Province, synopic chart for recent 10 years and the Chinese Meteorological Disaster Dictionary, the spatiotemporal distribution and climate character of hail is analysed. Research show that hail frequency has highly time-varying characteristics. Hail is prone to exist in spring season from March to May, and especially in April the hail frequency is the largest Hail most likely takes place from afternoon to evening. Hail frequency is different for various geographical location, it occurs more in mountain area and plains and mountains junction area and the land near Poyang Lake, and less in other areas. Hail is caused by inverted trough on the ground, secondly by cold fronts and cyclone waves. Hail disaster is not exactly consistent with hail frequency, there is a close relationship with crop conditions and the local economy. Hail defense division index function is constructed, and based on the index value, hail defensive districts in Jiangxi Province could be divided into three levels.