错误加工的神经机制

The Neural Mechanisms of Error Processing

错误加工在认知控制和行为监控中起着关键的作用。监控自己的认知和行为结果,觉察到应该的反应和实际的反应之间的差别(即错误),纠正这种错误并防止再犯是错误加工的主要内容。错误反应或由代表反应错误等负性反馈刺激诱发的ERP相对于正确反应或由代表反应正确等正性反馈刺激诱发的ERP,表现出一个相对负走向的波形变化,称为错误相关负波(error-related negativity,ERN)和反馈相关负波(feedback-related negativity,FRN),两者都定位于前扣回附近。错误加工神经机制的研究主要集中于前扣回与ERN、错误意识与错误加工、ERN与FRN的关系。对于前扣带回和ERN的功能意义的解释主要有错误检测理论、冲突监控理论、强化学习理论和预期违反假说。目前错误加工神经机制的研究在研究内容、研究方法和理论观点等方面还存在些问题,这些可能是未来进一步的研究方向。

The concept of error processing plays a central role in theories of cognitive control and performance monitoring.Effective behavior requires flexible and continuous performance monitoring.Identification and correction of differences between an intended an executed response（i.e., an error） are the main contents of the error processing.The research of the error-processing focused on the anterior cingulate cortex and the error-related negativity（ERN）, a component of the event-related brain potential elicited when human participants commit errors or receives feedback indicating that they just made an erroneous response.There are four theories that account for the functional significance of ERN and ACC, such as error detection theory, reinforcement learning theory, conflict monitor theory, expectancy-deviation hypothesis.Despite in-depth insights provided by previous studies into our understanding of error processing, there are still some important questions to be answered, which might be the direction of future studies.