群际威胁的分类及其对群体偏见的影响

The Classification of Intergroup Threat and the Effect of Threat on Prejudice

群际威胁是指在社会群体情境中,一个群体所具有的资源、信念和价值观等各种特征对另一个群体的存在、发展和目标产生的威胁。这种感知到的威胁会导致人们对外群体产生消极的态度和行为。根据群际威胁的理论来源和内容可以将群际威胁分为现实威胁、文化威胁和认同威胁三类。目前群际威胁对群体偏见影响的理论模型已从最初的单一模型发展到各类威胁共同作用的整合模型。未来的研究应将重点放在对各类威胁间相互关系的探究、群际威胁与群体偏见关系模型的修正和补充,以及发展适合中国本土情况的群际理论上。

Intergroup threat occurs when one group＇s resources, beliefs, or values challenge the goal attainment or well-being of another group.This perceived threat will lead to negative out-group attitudes and behaviors.Based on the intergroup threat literature and relevant theories, intergroup threat was classified into three categories, realistic threat, cultural threat and identity threat.The theoretical model on the relation between intergroup threat and prejudice has evolved from single threat model to integrated one.Future researches should pay more attention to the exploration of relationship between different types of threats, the modification of current models, and the development of intergroup theories in Chinese context.