体制论

New Exploration on the Theory of Tizhi

体制是社会机构与社会规范的结合体。它既包括社会活动过程中的社会活动实施体制和社会活动管理体制,也包括社会活动领域中的政治体制、经济体制、文化教育体制和其他社会体制。在体制结构中,机构是体制的载体,规范是体制的核心,二者是相互依存的;社会活动过程体制是社会活动领域体制的基础,社会活动领域体制是社会活动过程体制的表现形式。体制与制度、国体、政体和机制这些范畴是相互关联的,但又是有区别的。体制理论的这种新探索,在理论上有助于更清晰地认识什么是体制、政治体制、经济体制和教育体制等体制,明确体制改革与制度创新之间的关系,从一个新的视角丰富和发展组织或系统理论;在实践上,可以从改革社会机构和社会规范两个基本要素,从改革社会运行过程中的两个子体制或社会活动领域中的子体制这两个角度,为体制改革提供一个清晰、系统的思路。

Tizhi （system） is a combination of social institutions and social norms. It not only comprises social implementary systems and social administrative systems in the process of social activities, but also includes political systems, economic systems, educational systems as well as other social systems in the domain of social activities. In terms of the structure of Tizhi, institutions are the carrier of Tizhi while social norms are at the core of it, all of which depend on each other for existence. The process Tizhi of social activities is the basis of the sphere Tizhi of social activities while the sphere Tizhi of social activities is the representation of the process Tizhi of social activities. Tizhi is correlative with such categories as system, constitution, polity, and mechanism, but it is also different from them. Theoretically, such new exploration on Tizhi theory is helpful to get a better understanding of Tizhi, the political Tizh~, the economic Tizbi and the educational Tizhi, to be clear about the relations between the Tizhi reform and the system innovation, and to enrich and develop the organizational or system theory from a new perspective. Practically speaking , the new exploration also offers a clear and systematic way of thinking on institutional reform from these two angles： first, the reform of the two essential factors of social institution and social norm; second, the reform of the two sub-Tizhi in the process of social movement or the sub-Tizhi in the domain of social activity.