三门峡市1986～2007年流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

Epidemic features of Japanese encephalitis B in Sanmenxia City from 1986 to 2007 and control measures

目的了解三门峡市乙脑流行特征与规律，探讨防制对策与措施。方法采用传染病疫情报告系统的数据进行一般统计学方法，对22年乙脑发病进行描述分析。结果三门峡市1986～2007报告乙脑1673例，死亡124例。最高发病率为1988年，19．98／10万，最低2005年，0．17／万，年均发病率4．37／10万，整体疫情趋势在波动中下降。病例分布呈高度散发状态，发病高峰为每年7-9月，呈明显的季节性，发病人群以散居儿童和农民为主，农村高于市区。2003年后乙脑发病大年龄组明显上升。结论乙脑的防治在农村地区采取以加强免疫接种、防蚊灭蚊和健康教育宣传的综合防治措施，并且要加强成年人和老年人的免疫接种，使人群达到并维持高免疫水平，从而有效地控制乙脑发病。

Objective To understand the epidemic features of epidemic encephalitis in Sanmenxia City, and explore prevention and Control measures. Methods The data concerning the control of epidemic Janpanese encephalitis B from the infectious diseases reporting system in 19860-2007 were collected and analyzed. Results There were 1 673 epidemic encephalitis cases were reported in Sanmenxia City from 1986 to 2007 with 124 deaths. The highest incidence rate was 19.98/100 000 in 1988 and the lowest was 1.7 / 100 000 in 2005 with an average annual incidence Of 4.37/100 000. The overall prevalent trend was decreased. The distribution of cases showed a high degree of dissemination. The incidence peak was from July to September each year showing an obvious seasonal feature. The disease was mainly occured in the scattered children and farmers,and the incidence was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The epidemic encephalitis incidence was significantly increased after 2003 in children and high age groups. Conclusions In rural areas, comprehensive prevention and control measures,such as, strengthening of immunization,mosquito control ,promotion of health education promotion ,and so on inorder to maintain a high level of immunization for effective control the disease.