我国流域事故污染源搜索的困境与方法初探

Study on the Predicament and Method in Searching a Accidental Pollution Source in Watershed

通过对我国流域事故性搜索工作和地表水监测现状的研究,分析了在流域事故污染源搜索工作中面临的困境。当前国内流域事故性污染源搜索研究工作也受经济、技术等因素的制约,高效的应急监测能力和应急监测技术不可能在短时期内迅速发挥作用。对此指出了我国流域突发性水污染事故应急处理的关键是运用优化方法对搜索资源进行最优配置,并进行了流域事故污染源最优搜索过程的构想。该构想以实现快速探测污染源头为核心,能为事故的快速处理和准确决策赢得宝贵时间,以便有效控制污染范围,缩短事故持续时间,将损失减至最小。

Studying on the actuality of searching the accidental pollution sources in watershed and the surface water monitoring, the predicament is analyzed in searching the accidental pollution source in watershed. The Current research works in search of accidental pollution sources is restricted by the economic and technical factors, so the monitoring ability and technique to meet emergency with high efficiency cannot play a role in a short period. Based upon which, it is pointed out that the key to dealing with the accidental water pollution is to utilize optimized method to optimally collocate the resources and a thought has been made of about the optimal search process for the acci- dental pollution sources in watershed. The thought focuses on the kernel to detect pollution sources quickly and win less time for dealing with the accidents quickly and making decision accurately, so that the polluted area can be controlled efficiently, the accidental duration can be shortened and the loss of the accident can be minimized.