妊娠糖尿病的危险因素

Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠糖尿病是糖尿病分型中的一种独立类型。目前，妊娠糖尿病公认的危险因素包括年龄大于25岁、孕前体重指数大于25kg／m^2、非高加索白人、糖尿病家族史等。近年研究证实，妊娠糖尿病还与其他一些因素相关，如多囊卵巢综合征、身高偏矮、携带HBsAg、高血压等。及早的发现和干预这些高危因素，对于改善孕妇及子代的预后，减少人群中糖尿病的发病率有深远影响。

Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is one of the unique classifications of diabetes mellitus. It has been established that risk factors for GDM includes age over 25, pre-pregnancy body mass index over 25 kg/m^2 , non-Caucasian ethnicity and family history of diabetes. Recently, several studies have confirmed other risk factors for GDM which have been less commonly mentioned including polycystic ovary syndrome, short stature, HBsAg carrier, hypertension, etc. Early detect and modify essential risk factors for GDM is very important to improve the outcomes of pregnancy and to decrease the prevalence of diabetes.