12种常见农药对海胆胚胎发育的毒性影响

Toxic Effects of Twelve Pesticides on the Development of Sea Urchin Embryos

为了研究低浓度下农药对海胆胚胎的毒性影响,以及正辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)与致死率的关系,实验研究了12种常见农药(阿维菌素、硫丹、除虫脲、甲氰菊酯、三环唑、使它隆、抑霉唑、戊唑醇、磺胺吡啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺嘧啶)在低浓度(0.01mg.L-1)下对光棘球海胆(Strongylocentrotus nudus)胚胎发育的急性毒性影响.结果显示:1)实验浓度下,磺胺吡啶、三环唑、磺胺嘧啶和抑霉唑分别对受精膜举起期、2细胞期、上浮囊胚期和棱柱幼体期相对致死率最高,分别达到3.70%、6.19%、5.84%和6.07%.2)农药对海胆胚胎发育存在低剂量有毒物质的刺激作用(Hormesis现象).3)在海胆胚胎各发育期,LogP与相对致死率呈现一定的负相关性,即随着LogP的增加,各农药对海胆胚胎的相对致死率逐渐下降.

Toxic effects of twelve pesticides （abamectin, endosulfan, diflubenzuron, danitol, tricyclazole, fluroxypyr, imazalil, tebuconazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine and sulfadiazine ）at low concentration （0.01mg.L^-1 ） on the development of sea urchin （Strongylocentrotus nudus）embryos were investigated in this work, and the correlation between n-octanol/water partition coefficient （LogP）and relative lethality rate was investigated. Results showed that sulfapyridine, tricyclazole, sulfadiazine and imazalil at low concentration （0.01mg .L^-1） have the highest relative lethality rate to swelling of insemination membrane, two cells, swimming blastula and prism stage, respectively, which were 3.70%, 6.19%, 5.84% and 6.07%, respectively. The hormesis phenomenon （stimulatory effect at low concentration）also exists in the toxicity test of sea urchin. There were certain negative correlation between LogP values and relative lethality rates, i. e., the relative lethality rates decreased with the increase of LogP values.