中学生心理问题干预方法的探讨

Study on the intervention methods of psychological problems in middle school students

目的探讨中学生心理问题的性别差异及干预方法。方法选择两所有代表性的学校初、高中学生8个班为研究对象，随机分为干预组与对照组，调查男女生心理问题的性别差异并针对问题进行干预。干预前后均进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）测试。结果干预后干预组与对照组心理问题检出率分别为9．6％（22／230）与16．1％（39/242），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；干预前SCL-90中女生抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分明显高于男生（P〈0．05）；分组后干预组干预前女生抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分偏高，与男生差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），男生敌对、偏执因子分偏高，与女生差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；干预后男女生各因子分均降低，除外女生抑郁因子分偏高，与男生差异有统计学意义外，其余各项均无差异。结论对中学生心理问题早期综合干预，并注重心理活动的性别差异，对改善心理卫生状况是有效的。

Objective To study the sexual difference and intervention methods of psychological problems existed in middle school students. Methods The students who were from different grade of two middle schools were randomly divided into two groups, interventional group and control group. The sexual difference of psychological problems between male and female students were investigated and practiced different intervention on different problems, and then all the students were tested by the symptom self-evaluation form （SCL-90） before and after intervention. Results After intervention, the discovery rate of psychological problems in interventional group and control group was 9.6% （22/230） and 16.1% （39/242） respectively, which had statistical significance（P 0.05）. Before intervention, the discovery rate of depression, anxiety and phobia among female students was significantly higher than that of male students （P〈0.05）, on the other hand the discovery rate of hostility and paranoia among male students was significant higher than that of female students （P 〈 0.05）. Except depression, the discovery rate of all the symptom mentioned above decreased after intervention and there was no statistical significance of the difference between male and female students. Conclusion In order to improve the psychological health conditioni in middle school students, it is necessary for us to pay attention to the sexual difference of psychological problems and practise early comprehensive intervention.