云南岩溶地区石漠化生态治理与植被恢复

Ecological Control of Land Rocky Desertification and Vegetation Recovery in Karst Region of Yunnan Province

云南地处中国西南石漠化中心地区,是中国岩溶分布最广的省区之一。岩溶面积达110875.7km2,占云南省土地面积的28.14%。全省16个州(市),129个县(市、区)中,118个县(市、区)均有岩溶分布,且主要分布在滇东南、滇东的文山州、红河州、昭通市、昆明市和曲靖市。从石漠化概念、特点、形成机理、治理模式等方面对云南石漠化进行分析,根据不同的气候、立地条件、植被及社区状况等提出了石漠化分区治理理念。在石漠化进程的不同阶段,选择相适应的树种,采用集水土保持、景观、薪炭材或药用等于一体的适宜的方法进行人工植被恢复,通过将生态建设与区域发展、新农村建设和解决"三农"问题紧密结合起来,改善区域生态状况,遏制石漠化扩展趋势,建立以森林植被为主体的国土生态安全体系,促进经济和社会可持续发展。

Yunnan province is located in the centre of rocky desertification area and is the one of provinces with wide Karst regions in China. The rocky desertification area takes up 110 875.7 km^2, 28.14% of the total area of Yunnan province. Among 129 counties in Yunnan, 118 suffer rocky desertification. The population pressure, the dwindled cultivated area and the desetification, pose serious problems. In this paper, the concepts, characteristics, causes of rocky desertification in Yunnan are analyzed. For different climate conditions, terra, vegetation and community conditions, this paper proposes the idea of ecological control of land rocky desertification. In different stages, different species of trees are selected to recover the vegetation, taking account of natural environment preservation, sightseeing, firewood and medicine. The ecological construction, the area development, and the building of new countrysides will be combined, to establish a soil security system with the forest vegetation as the first priority.