污水生态处理系统中微生物生态学研究

Microbial Ecology for the Wastewater Ecological Processing System

采用平板计数、液体稀释法计数,对石家庄某军事学院污水生态处理系统的微生物生态学进行了初步研究。结果表明,污水生态处理系统内,水体中的微生物种群以细菌、真菌、放线菌为主,总数在107CFU/L以上;土壤中的微生物种群以细菌数量最多,达到108CFU/L以上。从生物滤池进水到人工湿地出水,水体中原生动物数量先增后减,但种类增加,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量也依次减少,说明水体污染程度次第降低;季节变化及进水CODCr的含量对污水生态处理系统中的微生物数量有一定影响,9月份进水中的CODCr浓度低,导致真菌、放线菌的总数增多,分别达到8.0×107CFU/L和9.6×105CFU/L,造成出水浊度高、CODCr的去除效果差;人工湿地系统中表层土壤微生物和深层土壤微生物数量与污水中污染物(CODCr)去除率之间的相关性结果表明,污水中CODCr的去除主要依靠的是表层土中的细菌和真菌,其相关系数可达到0.69、0.84以上;人工湿地土壤样的微生物中,不同区域土壤样中的细菌、真菌和放线菌总数都随着季节的改变会有变化,但随着季节变化的规律不很明显。土壤样中硝化菌的数量与温度呈正相关,反硝化菌的数量与温度呈负相关。

This paper studies the microbial ecology for the wastewater ecological processing system developed by Shijiazhuang Institute of Mechanical Infantry using the dilution and the most probable number methodology. It is indicated that the bacteria and viable fungi in the water samples reach 107 CFU/L as the highest concentration, while in the soil samples they reach the highest concentration of IOs CFU/L. From influent of the bio-filter to effluent of the constructed wetland, the concentration of protozoan increases firstly and then decreases but with the number of species increasing. The concentration of bacteria, viable fungi and actinomyeetes decrease in turns. Also, the concentration of the system＇s microorganism changes with season. The concentration of viable fungi and aetinomycetes in September reaches 8.0×10^7 CFU/L and 9.6×10^5 CFU/L with a low CODcr removal rate because of the lower influent CODcr concentration. It is indicated in the correlation between the microorganism concentration of the soil and CODcr removal rate of the wastewater that the CODcr removal effect of the wastewater depends on the bacteria and viable fungi in the surface soil, of which the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.69 and 0.84, the concentration of the bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the wetland changes lightly with season. The nitrifying bacteria in soil samples show a positive correlation with the temperature, while the denitrifying bacteria show a negative one.