对清代史馆中史官生存状况的考察

Research on the living condition of historiographer in Qing Dynasty

清代史无专官,史馆内的史官主要由翰林院、内阁及各部院衙门派充,其余则靠荐举、延请、招考和征用来获得。史官的流动性很大,统治者根据需要,可以随时将史官调离史馆。史官在史馆内交流治学心得、探讨史书编纂问题,有一定的自由度,但又被严格控制在一定限度内,绝对不允许危及统治者根本利益的言论和行为出现。清代史官多是知识精英,有着修史以经世的政治情怀,但由于史馆修史要体现官方意志,史官因此饱受专制政治的精神摧残,倍尝人格分裂之苦。到晚清,多数史官表现出政治上的保守和迟钝,无法在社会变革面前做出相应的反应。

There＇s no professional historiographers in Qing Dynasty, thus the fluidity in historical bureau is strong. The governor can transfer the historiographers at random according to his actual need. When the historiographers explore the compiling of books, they have freedom to a certain extent, but they are restricted within a certain degree .Under the high press of despotism, they are suffered seriously psychic destroy. So most historiographers behave conservative and beef-witted in late Qing Dynasty.