论儿童观的范式转型--社会建构主义视野中的儿童观

The Paradigm Shift in the View on Children:From the Perspective of Social Constructivism

后现代主义认识论颠覆了传统的知识观:知识不是被展现出的而是被建构出的。后现代主义的杰出代表社会建构主义着重强调了知识建构的社会性。儿童观是认知主体以儿童为对象建构出的一种社会知识,随"儿童形象"的诞生而形成,并影响着"儿童形象"的塑造。儿童观的社会建构属性使得儿童观随着社会的发展变迁、认识论的演变而不断更替,直至引发一场范式的转型,然后在新范式的指导下进行新一轮的建构。儿童观建构取向从聚焦于尺有所短的劣势视角转变到聚焦于寸有所长的优势视角标志着儿童观范式的转型,这一转型颠覆了儿童的传统形象,开启了一种全新的儿童成长空间。

The post-modernist theory of knowledge has subverted the traditional concept of knowledge by advocating that knowledge is not represented but constructed. Social constructivism, the outstanding representative of post-modernist theories, attached great importance to the social construction of knowledge. The view on children is accordingly regarded as a kind of children-oriented social knowledge constructed by the cognitive agent, which results from ＂the image of children＂ but affects the shaping of it in return. The soeially-constrncted nature of the view on children keeps it in a constant change in accordance with the development of the society and the evolution of the theory of knowledge, which eventually leads to a transformation of paradigm, thus a new round of construction being in progress under the guidance of the new paradigm. The orientation of the view on children has transformed from the perspective of focusing on the ＂shortcomings＂ to the perspective of focusing on the ＂strengths＂, making a milestone for the paradigm transformation of the view on children. This transformation has overthrown the traditional image of children and opened a brand-new space for the development of children.