苏轼“随物赋形”说新论

A Revisiting of Su Shi's Theory of "Shaping up According to Anything Encountered"

"随物赋形",指的是苏轼诗文表意自然顺畅而又灵活多变的特点。其形成表面上看是苏轼在创作过程中所采用的表现手法使然,但归根到底则与其观照世界和立意取境的独特方式有着密不可分的关系。在佛教的"现量"观和禅宗"随缘自适"、"任心"等思想的影响下,苏轼要求创作主体在观照外物的时候拥有"空且静"的内心,且不主动向外界搜求,而是即景会心,所见、所闻、所感、所悟即为诗料。苏轼对水"随物赋形"这一特征的认识并不限于文学领域,它体现在其为人处世的原则上则是以道家思想为主导、兼容儒家思想的人生观。

The observation of water＇s ＂shaping up according to anything encountered＂ is often used to characterize Su Shi＇s poetic style of being naturally smooth, fluent and flexible. It seems that the devices and techniques adopted in the process of creation makes Su＇s unique literary style, but the formation of the style has more to do with his unique way of viewing the world and setting his themes and contexts. Susceptible to the Buddhism＇s intuitive way of conceiving the world and the Zen Buddhism＇s assertion of ＂self-adaptation in a natural connection with the world＂, Su proposed that the writer should cultivate a mentality of ＂ serenity and noth- ingness＂ when conceiving the world and reject any artificial materials for art; to him, what one sees, hears, feels and conceives are all proper materials for poetic creation. Rather than being confined to the area of literary creation, the water＇s quality of ＂shaping up according to anything encountered＂ is also reflected in Su＇s life philosophy, which is formed by an incorporation of Confucianism into the Taoist ideas.