俄语空间形状词语义网络的原型视角——以круглый为例

The Semantic Network of Russian Words Denoting Spacial Shapes:The Case of круглый

欧美语言学界和俄语语言学界运用语义网络理论,对词汇(主要是空间介词或空间前置词)多义现象进行了卓有成效的认知分析。对круглый(圆的)语义网络的研究表明,词汇语义网络的认知分析并不局限于空间介词(前置词),而能够扩展到表示空间形状的词汇。无论是空间介词(前置词),还是空间形状词,物体的拓扑特征决定着义项的划分,是至关重要的动态参数。同时,人类的图式化、完形感知、隐喻化、范畴化等一系列认知能力对词义的形成具有决定性的作用。

Remarkable achievements have been made in the cognitive study on the lexieal polysemy, especially that of spacial prepositions, in both the Western and Russian linguistic fields. The study of круглый indicates that cognitive analysis of semantic network can be extended beyond spacial prepositions to words denoting spacial shapes. In such analysis, the topological characteristics of an object plays an important dynamic role in the classification of lexical meanings. Meanwhile, a series of cognitive abilities possessed by humans including schematization, Gestalt perception, metaphorization and categorization play a decisive role in the formation of lexical meanings.