土地利用变化与经济发展关系的理论探讨——以陕北黄土高原为例

Theoretical exploring in relationship between land use change and economic development——Taking northern Shaanxi Province of Loess Plateau as an example

目前国际土地利用/覆被变化的研究趋势是强调土地利用变化的综合性研究和土地利用变化与人类活动的协同演进研究。文章统地分析了土地利用变化与产业经济发展之间关系的研究现状、土地利用变化与产业经济发展之间相互作用的理论机制,并以陕北黄土高原为例做了实证分析。可以看出随着社会经济的发展,土地利用目标、利用方式和开发水平的变化以及各产业部门间对土地利用的特殊要求和比较经济效益的差异,导致土地资源在不同产业部门间流转和重分配,从而引起土地利用变化,反之,土地利用变化又会影响区域经济发展水平、经济产业结构、产业布局的演进和变化,二者是一种协同、互动的演进关系。在陕北产业经济类型的转变过程中,土地利用变化的主导机制也由国家计划调配主导型转变为土地利用的经济效益竞争机制主导型、经济效益最优机制及各种政策主导型、经济效益和生态效益最优机制主导型,土地利用变化表现出显著的阶段性特征。

The international research trends focus on systematically analyzing on land use/cover change and exploring their co - evolvement between land use change and human activity presently. The research analyzed the present research condition systematically and their interaction mechanism theoretically between land use change and economic development, and performed an actual experiment on their interaction between land use change and economic development in northern Shaaxi Province of Loess Plateau. It showed that the conversion and re - allocation of land resources determined by the purpose of land utilization, the exploiting level and utilization pattern along with socioeconomic development, and result from their special requirement and differences of economic benefits obtaining from land resources among various industrial departments. So these resulted in land use change. On the contrary, land use change could influence economic development. There existed the co - evolution interaction between land use change and economic development. With the conversion of economic structural types in northern Shaanxi Province, the dominant mechanism driving land use change transformed from the disposition pattern by national plan to the pattern by economic benefit, the pattern determined by economic benefit optimization and by agricultural and ecological improving policies, again to the pattern by both ecological and economic benefit optimization. The characteristics of land use change were notable along with the conversion of economic structural types.