《盐课碑》与清代云南省和文山地区的盐政

Salt Ke Bei and the Management of Salt Industry in Wenshan and Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty

马关县八寨镇的《盐课碑》是研究清代云南省和文山地区盐政的重要史料,该碑记载了嘉庆初年开化府民众因不堪官府增加盐课而推举生员李占春等两次万里赴京控告、最后使开化府官盐价格从每百斤卖银3.64两降为3.03两的史实。从《盐课碑》和相关史料中可以看到,清代在云南省和文山地区推行的官府垄断和控制食盐生产、运销的政策,一方面使盐课成为政府财政收入的重要来源,另一方面也为相关官员营私舞弊创造了条件,最终使云南省和文山地区的盐政成为一项官累民病、上下交困的弊政。

Being of great significance for the preservation of historical data of the management of salt industry in Wenshan and Yunnan province, Salt Ke Bei from the town of Bazhai of Maguan County told a story, that a official school students, Li Zhan-chun were held up to make an accusation against an increasing salt tax twice for miles and miles in the early years of Jiaqing in Kaihua state, resulting in cutting down the official salt price. A system of state monopoly in which the state controlled the transportation and selling of salt in Wenshan and Yunnan province in the Qing Dynasty was observable by examining Salt Ke Bei and other related historic records. The system became a major source of state revenue on one hand, and set the stage for corruption among public officials on the other hand, ending up being criticizing as a discredited policy infringing upon official and public interests.