公私协力:非协调约束下公私灾害救助困境的破解

Partnership between Government and Nonprofit Organizations:A New Way to Solve the Problems of Disasters Relief Work of Government and Nonprofit Organizations

以往大部分文献从经济、政治和管理等角度对"全能政府"与灾害危机之间的关系进行了探讨,过于重视政府角色的扩张,或者讨论当"政府失灵"及"市场失灵"时,非营利组织可以协助解决。然而在灾害救助过程中,非营利组织也可能产生"志愿失灵"情形。若要解决三个部门"失灵"的问题,可通过建构"公私协力机制"来解决。社工非营利组织能发挥积极的"补充性"而非"替代性"作用的观点,通过志愿服务、公民参与与政策倡导等方式,非营利组织督促与协助政府开展救灾工作,克服政府由于威权化和分权化所导致的反映迟缓的缺陷。对于政府和非营利组织而言,这不是一种"零和博弈",而是一种"双赢博弈",当然,最大受益者是广大灾民。

Previous studies on disaster crises mainly discussed the relationship between the comprehensive government and disasters from the perspective of economy, politics and administration with the emphasis on the enlargement of the role of government or the help from nonprofit organizations when the government and market failed in disaster relief. However, nonprofit organizations will probably fail in the process of disasters relief. When the market, government and nonprofit organizations fail in disasters relief, a partnership between government and nonprofit organizations can be built up. Based on the idea of compensatory rather than substitution role played by nonprofit organizations in a positive way, nonprofit organizations can urge and help the government to conduct disasters relief work through the forms of voluntary service, public participation and policy advocating. In this way, the limitation can be overcome of the government delay in disasters relief resulting from debureaucratization and decentralization. Both the government and nonprofit organizations can benefit from such partnership, and the victims will benefit from such partnership ultimately.