基于RS和GIS的土地利用/土地覆被动态变化分析——以石河子垦区为例

Dynamic Change Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Based on RS and GIS——Taking Reclamation Area of Shihezi as an Example

通过利用遥感、地理信息系统等技术方法，对石河子垦区1989年、2000年的Landsat--TM影像进行处理，解译到石河子垦区土地利用变化空间数据，并对石河子垦区1989～2000年11年间的土地利用／土地覆被数量、类型及其变化。进行分析研究，得到石河子垦区1989-2000年土地变化情况及其土地利用变化转移矩阵。结果显示：石河子垦区近11年来土地利用／土地覆被变化速度很快。其中，耕地和林草地面积皆成明显上升趋势，平均每年分别以5．03％和、5．13％的速度增加；盐碱地面积减少了655．40km^2，其年变化率最大达7．24％；水体湿地面积减少了103．09km^2，其年变化率减少4．58％；荒漠的面积只减少了25．26km^2，并且年变化率最小，以每年0．22％的速度在减少，这些分析结果可为石河子垦区土地可持续利用提供有效的决策支持。

In this paper, the data of the spatial dynamic change of land use of Shihezi reclamation areas remote sensing imagery in 1989 and 2000 years was derived by using the methods of remote sensing （RS） and geographical information system （GIS） ,the number,types and changes of land use and ,land cover were analyzed. The land use conversion matrix was obtained of Shihezi reclamation area during the period from 1989 to 2000 years. The result showed that the changing speed of land use and land cover in Shihezi reclamation area was very rapid. Among them,the areas of land and forest--grassland appeared obvious increasing trend. In average,the annual land area＇ and forest--grassland area were increased by 5.03%0 and 5.13% respectively. The area of saline--alkali soil reduced 655.40 km^2 ,its maximum of annual gradient reached 7.24%. The area of water--wetland reduced 103.09 km^2 ,its maximum of annual gradient reached 4. 58%. The area of desert only reduced 25.26 km^2 , which annual gradient is a minimum, and a speed of 0.22% reduced every year. These analysis results could be effectual reference for continuous land use of Shihezi reclamation area.