婴儿期营养不良对儿童3岁左右时体格、智力发育的影响

Effects of babies malnutrition on growth and intelligence of children about 3 years old

目的:探讨婴儿期营养不良对儿童3岁左右时体格、智力发育的影响。方法:根据2004年4月在安徽省阜阳市某县农村进行婴儿营养状况普查所获得的资料,采用1∶1配对队列研究的方法,参考《WHO儿童身高、体重参考值》〔1〕,选取身长和体重有一项低于相应平均数2个标准差的儿童作为婴儿期营养不良暴露组,选择同性别、月龄相差不超过1个月、家庭情况相似,婴儿期身长和体重均在正常范围内的儿童作为婴儿期营养正常对照组,在儿童3岁左右时追踪调查他们的体格、智力发育情况。结果:婴儿期营养不良组儿童3岁左右时的身长、坐高、体重、胸围、上臂围、上肢长、精细运动商、语言商、社交商均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组的头围、皮脂厚度、适应商、大运动商差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:婴儿期营养不良对儿童3岁左右时的体格、智力发育有重要影响。

Objective： To assess the effect of babies malnutrition on growth and intelligence development of children about 3 years old. Methods： With 1： 1 pair cohort study, referring to the data of height and weight obtained by general survey to nutrition status of all infants aged 0 - 1 in one county of Fuyang town, Anhui province in April 2004, the children whose body length or weight was lower than the standards of WHO were selected into the malnutrition group. According to the similar sex, age and the similar family circumstance, the children whose body length and weight were all in the standards of WHO were selected into the control group. Their physique and intelligence development were investigated in August 2006. Results ： The height, sitting height, weight, chest circumference, arm circumference, arm length, fine motor quotient, language quotient and social behavior quotient of children in malnutrition group were lower than those of children in control group, and the differences were significant. Conclusion： The babies malnutrition has important impact on their physique and intelligence development about 3 years old.