《最高人民法院关于审理涉外民事或商事合同纠纷案件法律适用若干问题的规定》之评析

Comments on and Analyses of Regulations by Supreme People's Court on Issues of Law Application in Hearing Foreign-related Civil or Commercial Contract Disputes

我国立法采用了国际上通行的以意思自治为主、最密切联系为辅的涉外民商事合同法律适用原则,但该原则在我国《民法通则》和《合同法》中的规定过于简单,缺乏可操作性。自2007年8月8日起施行的《最高人民法院关于审理涉外民事或商事合同纠纷案件法律适用若干问题的规定》弥补了现行立法的不足。该司法解释针对涉外民商事合同审判实践中经常遇到、存在异议的问题,提出了明确的处理意见。通过对该司法解释中特征性履行方法和外国法的查明等靓点的分析,认为该规定在支配当事人选择法律的效力、当事人选择法律的方式、当事人选择法律的范围、禁止法律规避之规定、保护弱方当事人利益等方面仍存在不足之处,需要加以完善。

Legislation of our country adopts the widely-accepted foreign-related civil and commercial contract law application rule based primarily on Autonomy of Will supplemented by Closest Relationship. However, the rule is a bit too simply provided in General Rules of Civil Law and Contract Law, thus lacks operability. Regulations by Supreme People＇s Court on Issues of Law Application in Hearing Foreign-related Civil or Commercial Contract Disputes enforced since August 8, 2007 makes up for the defects of the present legislations. This judicial interpretation sets clear opinions of how to handle problems often encountered and with objections in foreign-related civil and commercial contract adjudication. The writer makes an analysis of such points of attraction as characteristic performance and proof of foreign law in the judicial interpretation, and holds that defects still exist in it and need perfection with regard to the validity, way and scope of choice of law by parties which it governs, the provisions forbidding evasion of law, and the protection of interests of the weak party, etc.