正当防卫限度的判断标准

A Study on the Standard of Justifiable Defense

正当防卫是各国刑事立法对公民个人所规定的一项重要的私力救济权利,对于保护个人、集体、国家的合法利益有着积极的作用。但该权利由于是公民个人行使,难免会因夹杂个人的感情色彩而运用不当,因此,世界各国在规定正当防卫制度的同时,对其都规定了较为严格的条件。如何正确掌握正当防卫的限度条件,区分正当防卫与防卫过当,这是司法实践中的一个重要问题。关于防卫过当的判断基准,存在主观说、客观说、折衷说等不同观点,由于主观说与客观说各自的不足,折衷说试图将二者统一起来,但折衷说的内容究竟以客观说还是主观说为基础,又存在不同观点。关于这点,应当结合各国的实际情况来认定,从我国的实际情况出发,应采以主观说为基础,兼采客观说的折衷说。

Justifiable defense is an important right of individual protection that is set in every country＇ s criminal law. It makes positive affection in protecting the rightful interest of individual＇s, collectives and public＇s. The right is used by individual, so it may be used wrong because of individual＇ s feeling. Besides the right of justifiable defense in every country＇ s criminal law, there are many restrictions on it. How to master the restriction on the justifiable defense in order to distinguish the excessive of justifiable defense from justifiable defense becomes an important question in judicial practice. About the standard of justifiable defense, there are some opinions of subjectivism, objectivism and eclecticism. Because of the defection of subjectivism and objectivism, the eclecticism wants to combine the subjectivism and objectivism, but there are different opinions on the base of eclecticism. From our country＇ s practice, we should take the eclecticism which base on subjectivism and take some opinions of objectivism.