不同耕作方式与施氮量对麦玉两熟产量的影响

Effects of Different Tillage and Nitrogen Rates on Yield of Wheat and Maize Cropping System

少耕免耕及秸秆覆盖在改善生态环境、培肥地力、提高作物产量和提高资源利用效率等方面有重要作用。试验设置4个耕作处理,分别为常规耕作、旋耕、耙耕和免耕;施氮量设置3个水平,分别为常规施氮量的100%、75%和50%,以研究耕作方式和施氮量对小麦、玉米产量及产值的影响。结果表明,随着施氮水平的递减小麦公顷穗数降低,小麦、玉米产量降低,总产量下降;旋耕、耙耕和免耕处理的小麦穗粒数随施氮水平的递减而降低,而千粒重随施氮水平的递减而有增加趋势,玉米的千粒重与施氮水平变化趋势基本一致;常100、耙100和免100处理的产量最高,旋100、常75和免75次之,而耙100和免100处理的净产值最高,高于常100。因此,耙100和免100的经济效益最高,具有较高的推广价值。

Minimum tillage, no - tillage and straw returning play an important role in improving ecological environment, fertilizing the soil fertility, increasing crop yield and improving resource utilization efficiency. The effects of tillage modes and nitrogen application rates on yield and net output value of wheat and maize in two cropping system were studied in this experiment. The results showed that with the decreasing of nitrogen application, spike number per hectare of wheat and yields of wheat and maize decreased, so the total yield decreased. Under the rotary tillage, harrow tillage and no - tillage, with the reducing of nitrogen rate, the grains per spike of wheat decreased while the 1000 - grain weight of wheat increased, but the 1000 - grain weight of maize had a same trend with change of nitrogen rates. The yield of conventional tillage with 100% N, harrow tillage with 100% N and no - tillage with 100% N were the higher, and then that of rotary tillage with 100% N conventional tillage with 75% N and no - tillage with 75% N . The net output value of harrow tillage with 100% N and no - tillage with 100% N were higher than conventional tillage with 100% N. So the treatments of harrow tillage with 100% N and no - tillage with 100% N had the higher economic benefit and were suit for extended widely.