论杜诗的句法艺术

On Sentence Art of Du Fu's Poetry

杜甫诗歌的句法艺术主要表现为三个方面:1.句式错综而韵律和谐。杜诗突破了五言"2—2—1"和七言"2—2—2—1"意义节奏的局限,从而给表意抒情带来极大的便利,而且,这些句式并未破坏诗歌的韵律之美。2.词语省略而蕴涵扩大。杜甫精于词语的省略技巧,他的诗作语略而意明,词省而意丰,使人深刻地感受到诗歌语言的鲜明特色。杜诗词语省略技法,主要有"以副代动"、"无谓语句"和"省略介词"三个方面。3.词序倒置而语言劲健。杜诗虽多数是按正常的词序组构句子,但词序倒置的现象也较为常见,目的是协调平仄、对仗稳妥以及获得劲健的美感,加强表达效果。

In the sentence art of Du Fu＇ s poetry there are three aspects. First, sentences are irregular but rhythm is harmonious. He breakthroughs the sentence limitation of 2 - 2 - 1 in the Five - Character Line and 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 in the Seven - Character Line, favorable for expressing sense and feeling without destro- ying the beauty of rhythm. Second, characters are fewer but meaning is more. Du Fu does well in the diction. In spite of fewer characters, meaning is clear and rich. The main methods are＂ taking place of verbs with adverbials＂, ＂omitting predicate＂ and＂ omitting preposition＂. Third, inversion is used. In some cases, Du Fu uses the inversion so that level and oblique tones may be harmonious and antithesis is steady, obtaining strong aesthetics and expressive effect.