莜麦种质植物学形态特征变异分析

Variances of botanical morphological characteristics of Avena nuda germplasms

在相同栽培条件下对29份莜麦种质的13个植物学性状变异进行了研究.结果表明,不同种质间存在广泛变异,其中倒伏性状变异幅度最大,变异系数为32.62%,其次为叶宽(27.85%)、有效分蘖数(15.31%)、茎粗(14.56%)、花序长(14.30%)、芒长(12.54%)、花序宽(11.89%)、千粒重(11.13%),而节长、株高、叶长、种子长和宽变异系数较小;各性状间具有明显相关性,株高和茎粗、倒伏性呈极显著负相关,系数分别为-0.506、-0.481;花序长和宽的相关系数为0.848;种子长度和宽度呈极显著正相关(0.618);植株越高,其茎节特征表现细长,叶片宽大,易倒伏;芒越短,产种性能越高,籽实也更饱满.聚类分析表明,不同莜麦种质可划分为3个类群,即饲用型、粮用型、资源型.

The variances of 13 botanical morphological characteristics of 29 A. nuda germplasms under the same condition of growth were studied. The results showed that there were extensive variatnces in morphology. The most significant variation lay in the fastness to lodge, followed by effective tillering, stalk diameter, inflorescence length, awn length, inflorescence width and 1 000-seed-weight, the variability coefficient was 32.62%, 27.85%, 15.31%, 14.56%, 14.30%, 12.54%, 11.89%and 11.13%, respectively. The variabilitycoefficientofintemodelength, plant height, leaf length, seed length and seed width was lower. Meanwhile, morphological characteristics ofA. nuda appeared with significant correlation. The plant height was significant negative correlative with stalk diameter and fastness to lodge, coefficient-0.506, -0.481, respectively. The correlative coefficient between length and width of inflorescence was 0.848, and that of the seed was 0.618. The germplasms with higher plants height have longer and thinner stalks, longer and wider leaves and more sensitive fastness to lodge, whereas those with lower plants height have opposite morphological characteristics. Generally, the type of A. nuda with shorter awn have a stronger productivity of seed. Furthermore, by clustering analysis, all 29 populations could be classified into 3 different groups： forage tybp, foodstuff type and resource type.