骨组织细胞的力学调控研究

STUDY ON MECHANICAL REGULATION OF BONE CELLS

力学环境是影响骨组织细胞形成、增殖和功能成熟的一个重要因素.骨细胞是力学感受细胞,将力学信号传递给效应细胞;成骨细胞、破骨细胞为力学效应细胞,使骨形成和骨吸收处于动态平衡以维持骨力学稳定性.目前对骨组织细胞间力学调控的机理仍不甚清楚.综述了骨组织细胞力学生物学作用和细胞间力学调控的一些相关问题.在概述了成骨细胞、骨细胞和破骨细胞的生物学特性基础上,阐述了骨重建力学调控理论,成骨细胞、骨细胞和破骨细胞生物力学效应和细胞间力学调控最新研究进展.最后对骨组织细胞三维网络间力学调控研究做出展望.

It is widely believed that mechanical environment plays a critical role in the formation, proliferation and maturation of bone cells. Osteocytes as mechanosensors have the ability to transmit mechanical signals to effector cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone mechanical integrity is maintained by a dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. However, the mechanisms of cellular mechanical regulations in bone cells are not clearly understood. In this paper, several relevant studies on the cellular mechanobiology and intercellular mechanical regulation in bone are reviewed and discussed. Based on a brief introduction of the biological properties of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts, the principle of mechanical regulation in bone remodeling is presented, and the resent progresses in the cellular mechanobiology and intercellular mechanical regulation of bone cells are elaborated. Finally, the future trend of research on three-dimensional web of mechanical regulation in bone cells is prospected.