北京市项目社区妇女避孕及人工流产现况分析

Investigation on status of contraception and abortion of women in reproductive age in Beijing item's community

目的:调查北京市项目社区妇女避孕及人工流产现状,为政府加强社区计划生育技术服务体系建设及改革机制提供依据。方法:采用意向性、分层整群抽样的流行病学调查方法,对项目社区妇女进行匿名封闭式自填问卷调查。结果:项目社区1723名已婚育龄妇女,2005年的综合避孕率为82.3%,经产妇避孕率为94.1%,未产妇避孕率为70.9%。本市户籍妇女避孕率为81.0%,流动人口避孕率为85.8%;已婚妇女近半数采用避孕套,为46.5%,采用长效避孕方法比率较低,使用IUD者占31.3%。未婚妇女采用安全期和避孕套者分别占33.4%和33.3%;已婚和未婚妇女经历人工流产者,分别占46.5%和16.1%。有人工流产史的妇女了解避孕相关知识明显低于无人流史妇女;本市48.6%妇女避孕知识来源于医疗机构,而流动人口为31.7%。本市户籍妇女免费获得避孕药具占81%,而流动人口妇女占64.2%。结论:项目社区已婚育龄妇女综合避孕率与北京和全国水平基本相同。由于采用高效、长效避孕比率略低于北京及全国水平而导致避孕失败率高,人工流产率或重复流产率高;社区妇女避孕知识匮乏,社区服务站的利用率低,应加强社区计划生育健康服务站的投入,加强避孕药具供应,畅通渠道,提高人群避孕药具的可获得性。

Objective： To investigate the status of contraception and abortion of women in reproductive age in Beijing item ＇s community, provide evidences for government to strengthen the service and invention system of family planning and reproductive health in community. Methods： 1 723 community women were selected by mass random sampling, a questionnaire was conducted in Beijing. Results： The contraception rates were 94. 1% in muhipara, 82. 3% in primipara and 70. 9% in nullipara; 81.0% in changeless population and 85.8% in fluid population. The proportion of using condom was 46. 5%, while the proportion of using IUD was 31.3% in married women. The proportions of using menstrual period and condom were 33. 4% and 33. 3% in unmarried women, the proportions of having the history of artificial abortion were 46. 5% in married women and 16. 1% in unmarried women. The women had the history of abortion knew less knowledge about contraception than those had not. 48.6% of changeless population and 31.7% of fluid population got the knowledge about contraception from medical institution. 81% of changeless population and 64. 2% of fluid population got the free contraception drags and tools. Conclusion ： In 2005, the integrated contraception rate of community women have no significant difference between Beijing and the whole nation. Because the high performance and low prolonged action＇contraception rate in Beijing and nationwide, artificial abortion rate and repeated abortion rate is high. Community women＇s knowledge about contraception is lacking, utilization rate of community service station is low. It is urgent to invest more money to the community service in family planning and reproductive health, elevate technical level and quality of service, and make community medical institution more active.