沥青基炭纤维的制备及其表征(英文)

Preparation and characterization of pitch-based carbon fibers

石油沥青在氮气氛中420℃热缩聚7h,制得软化点为295℃的炭纤维前驱体沥青。此前驱体沥青在单孔纺丝器中熔纺获得沥青纤维。将沥青纤维于空气中320℃稳定化处理,最后在氮气流中1000℃炭化制成炭纤维。应用SEM、TGA、FTIR和XRD对石油沥青、前驱体沥青、沥青纤维、预氧化纤维和炭纤维分别进行表征。发现:前驱体沥青中含有质量分数70.5%中间相组分,炭纤维具有径核结构,其最大抗拉强度为650MPa.

A petroleum pitch was heated at 420 ℃ for 7 h in nitrogen to prepare a carbon fiber precursor with a softening point of 295 ℃. The precursor was successfully melt-spun into fibers through a circular nozzle of a monofilament spinning apparatus, and these were then stabilized at 320 ℃ in air and finally carbonized at 1 000 ℃ in nitrogen to produce carbon fibers. SEM, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD were performed to characterize the petroleum pitch, the precursor, the asspun fibers, the stabilized fibers, and the carbon fibers. It is found that the precursor contains 70.5% mass fraction of mesophase that is aligned upon spinning, and aliphatic side chains that are beneficial to spinning. The carbon fibers have a radial core structure with a linear and bent type anisotropic texture. The maximum tensile strength of the carbon fiber is 650 MPa.