产生物柴油微藻培养研究进展

Research Progress on Bio-diesel-producing Microalgae Cultivation

石油的大量使用会导致能源枯竭和温室气体(CO2)排放的增加。为了实现经济和环境的和谐发展,必须使用可再生能源代替石油。可再生能源使用后不会造成温室气体排放的增加。生物柴油是一种理想的可再生能源,能满足以上要求,所以近年来得到迅速发展。微藻是一种主要利用太阳能固定CO2,生成制备生物柴油所需油脂的藻类。因此以微藻油脂为原料转化成的生物柴油是石油理想的替代品。简要介绍了产油微藻的种类和微藻油脂的合成,较详细地阐述了微藻自养培养、异养培养、生物反应器、工程微藻的最新研究进展,并初步展望了微藻产油研究的未来发展方向。

The excessive use of fossil fuels will lead to the depletion of natural energy resources and greenhouse gas （CO2） emission increase thus is considered unsustainable. To achieve the harmonious development of economy and environment, foil fuels need to be replaced by renewable energy resources. Use of renewable energy will not emit greenhouse gas. Bio-diesel is one of the ideal renewable energy resources and can satisfy the demands for energy requirement and environment protection. So bio-diesel has been fast developed in recent years worldwide. Microalgae absorbs carbon dioxide in the air mainly by using solar energy to generate the microalgae lipids needed for bio-diesel production. And this bio-diesel could be the ideal substitute for foil fuels. This review provides a brief overview of some features of oleaginous microalgae species and their lipid synthesis, microalgae autotrophy and heterotrophy, bioreactor and engineering microalgae latest research progress. Perspectives of microalgae cultivation for bio-diesel production are also discussed.