人质危机谈判的阶段性策略

Staged Strategies in Hostage Crisis Negotiation

人质危机谈判通常分为谈判初始阶段,实质性谈判阶段和结束谈判阶段。在谈判的不同阶段,劫持者的心理状态有所不同,谈判使用的策略与方法也有所差异。谈判初始阶段的主要策略是稳定情绪,建立互信,会同攻击单位共同制订运送、接收、投降和攻击方案。实质性谈判阶段的重点是策略性地处理要求与期限。谈判结束阶段应做好和平结束与武力结束两种可能的准备。谈判人员要根据各阶段形势发展,采用相应的有效谈判策略,有序地处理人质危机。

Hostage crisis negotiation usually includes three stages： initial negotiation, substantial negotiation and closing negation. Kidnappers undergo through psychological changes during the different stages of negotiation. Therefore, negotiation personnel have to adopt different strategies accordingly. Major strategies employed in the initial stage are to control and stabilize emotions, establish mutual trust, and work with the attacking unit to plan delivery, receiving, surrendering and attacking. The Key points in the substantial stage include manipulating and negotiating requirements and deadlines. The closing stage includes possibilities of peaceful or violent solutions. Negotiators in different stages have to make different strategic decisions and respond to the hostage crisis effectively.