结构可观性与石油分馏塔的观测计算

STRUCTURAL OBSERVABILITY AND ONLINE PERFORMANCE CALCULATION OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONATOR

分析了具有不可测输入和状态时间滞后的非线性系统的结构可观性和可重构性，给出了一种判断结构可观性和可重构性的简易方法。结构可观性只能给出系统可观的必要条件，但对于很多实际工程系统，它也是充分条件。以石油分馏塔为例，以速率方程的非相平衡的动态模型为基础，对可观性进行了分析，给出了测点布局设计的原则，分析了在线实时观测计算产品组成（质量指标）的途径。分析的实时计算结果已用于几个炼油厂产品质量的在线计算与闭环控制，取得了明显的经济效益。

A convenient structural observability analysis method which provided a necessary condition of controllability and observability for nonlinear time delay system with unknown inputs is proposed in this paper.The observability of FCCU main fractionator is analyzed for online performance calculation as a case study.The positions of sensors on FCCU main fractionator are recommended.The limit number of pseudo components is discussed.These results are applied to commercial units as a basis for the implementation of product quality observer and product quality control.