对余英时的红学考证的再考证——从《〈红楼梦〉的两个世界》谈起

A Continued Textual Research of Yu Yingshi's Textual Research of Hongxue: A Discussion from the Two Worlds in A Dream of Red Mansions

在《红楼梦的两个世界》一文中,余英时提出了关于《红楼梦》研究的两个范式——大观园中的干净世界与大观园外的肮脏世界。余英时认为,只要证明"宝玉园中生活是干净的",那么也就证明了《红楼梦》理想世界的纯洁性。为此,余英时以"夜间同房照应宝玉"的晴雯始终与宝玉保持着纯洁的关系这一点,来证明"宝玉园中的生活是干净的"以及大观园这一理想世界是纯洁的。余英时的这一证明有如下三点缺陷:其一,在大观园里"夜间同房照应宝玉"除了晴雯外还有袭人;其二,宝玉曾要求与晴雯同洗鸳鸯浴;其三,在大观园里,既有司棋与其表哥的偷情,又有藕官与菂官的同性恋。可见,余英时对于《红楼梦》理想世界的纯洁性的考证是缺乏材料依据的。

In his paper with the title of The Two Worlds in A Dream of Red Mansions, Yu Yingshi came up with two models to study A Dream of Red Mansions, namely, a clean world within the Grand View Garden and a dirty world without. In Yu＇ s eyes, so long as we can prove that the life Baoyu lives within the Grand View Garden is clean, it is equal to say that solid evidence is also found to prove the purity of the ideal world in A Dream of Red Mansions. To make sure of this, Yu uses the example of the pure relationship between Baoyu and Qingwen, who ＂serves the former as a maiden bedmate every night for many years＂ to prove the cleanness of ＂the life Baoyu lives within the garden＂ and the existence of the purity of the ideal Grand View Garden. There are three logical weaknesses in Yu＇ s deduction. First, Qingwen is not the only maiden bedmate to serve Baoyu at night in the Grand View Garden. Xiren is such a maiden bedmate, too. Second, Baoyu once wanted to take a bath with Qingwen and Yuanyang as＂ man and wife＂ together. Third, in the Grand View Garden, Siqi has an affair with her cousin while Ouguan and Diguan are homosexuals. Hence, Yu Yingshi＇s textual research on the purity of the ideal world in A Dream of Red Mansions holds little water.