小儿急性下呼吸道感染病原学分布及药敏分析

Pathogens and Their Drug Resistance in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children

目的了解小儿急性下呼吸道感染病原学构成及药物敏感情况,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法对诊断为急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)的患儿450例进行了呼吸道分泌物病原菌鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果173例检测到病原菌,占37.34%。主要病原性细菌为肺炎克雷伯杆菌61株(13.53%)、大肠埃希菌33株(7.32%)、鲍曼不动杆菌12株(2.66%)、肺炎链球菌11株(2.44%)、铜绿假单胞菌9株(1.99%)、金黄色葡萄球菌8株(1.77%),占总细菌数的77.57%。病原菌耐药的抗生素依次为:青霉素17(89.47%),氨苄西林56(82.35%),红霉素14(73.68%)。病原菌敏感的抗生素:阿米卡星38(100%),万古霉素19(100%),头孢曲松12(100%)。结论常见病原菌及其药敏试验的结果对临床感染性疾病的诊断和治疗都具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in children with lower respiratory tract infection （LRTI）. Methods Sputa specimens for bacterial cultures were collected from 450 children with LRTI. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed after bacteria had been identified. Results Among 450 ca- ses, a total of 173 pathogenic strains （37.34%） were identified. The main strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae （ 13.53% ）, E Coli （7.32%）, Acinetobacter baumannii （ 2.66% ）, Streptococcus pneumoniae （ 2.44% ）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa （ 1.99% ） and Staphylococcus aureus（ 1.77% ）. All strains were sensitive to Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone and showed resistance to pen- icillin （89.47%）, ampicillin （ 82.35% ） and erythromycin （ 73.68% ）. Conclusion The results of pathogen distribution and drug resistance were important to the diagnosis and treatment in lower respiratory tract infection.