乡村社会的衰败——科举制度的废除对近代中国乡村社会的消极影响

Decline of the Rural Area Society——The Negative Influence of Abolishment of Imperial Examination System on Rural Area Society in Modern Times China

过去对废除科举制的研究,主要侧重于其是否有利于清季政治改革这一层面,较少从社会结构变迁的角度观察问题,尤其缺少从乡村社会演变的角度来考查科举废除的影响。基于社会史的方法和理论分析科举制的废除对乡村社会的消极影响,如乡村社会精英——士绅阶层的消失及由此造成的社会整合能力的削弱,乡村社会治理与发展的受阻,乡村社会文化生态平衡的破坏,乡村教育的衰败,城乡之间逐渐分离等,客观而深入地探讨和评价科举制度废除后的社会影响。

Study on abolishment of imperial examination in the past focused on the point that whether it was beneficial to the political reform in the Qing dynasty, but few were made from the perspective of social structure change, even fewer on rural social changes. Based on methods and theory of social history science, this paper analyses the negative influence of abolishment of imperial examination system on rural area society as follows： disappearance of the gentry＇s stratum as rural social elite and weakening of social combining ability as its results, obstruction against social administration and development in rural area, destruction of cultural ecological balance in rural area, decline of rural education, and gradual separation between urban and rural areas, etc. , and then objectively discusses and evaluates in depth the social influence of abolishment of imperial examination.